This paper characterizes the vulnerabilities of IDPs in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) techniques. The IDP population in the central Sahel region grew from around 1.1 million at the end of 2019 to over 2.6 million at the end of 2021. Burkina Faso has the largest and fastest-growing IDP population with nearly 1.6 million IDPs as of December 2021, followed by Mali (401,736) and Niger (264,257).